Part B Particle Physics (14 lectres, 7 tutorials:
Mainly qualitative treatment of : Cosmic rays; particle accelerators and detectors. The four forces, the quest for unification and links with cosmology. The Standard Model. Fermions and their gauge bosons. Leptons and the electroweak force; the Higgs mechanism and the Higgs boson. The strong force: quarks and gluons.

Par C Classical Mechanics (28 lectures, 14 tutorials):

Three dimensional motion and vector notation. Momentum conservation and rocket motion, motion under a central force, Kepler’s laws and planetary motions, satelite motion, rotating frame and Coriolis theorem, gravitational field and tidal effect in a planet-moon system, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian methods.

Textbooks:

Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 5th Edition,  McGraw-Hill, 1995. V. D. Barger & M. G. Olsson, Classical Mechanics: A Modern Perspective, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1995.

PH 3230	Advanced Physics E2
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH 2232 and PH 2233
Contact hrs:	56 lectures, 28 tutorials
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Examination 80%

Course Outline: Part A, B and C are treated sequentially.
Part A Semiconductor Physics and Devices (28 lectures, 14 tutorials):
Band Theory, dynamics of electron motion, effective mass of electrons and holes, Planar process for production of semiconductor devices. Semiconductor statistics, electron transport, mobility, resistivity and Hall effect, drift and diffusion. Semiconductor devices: p-n juntion, energy band diagrams, minority carrier injection, recombination, depletion layer, current-voltage relationships. Junction field effect and metal oxide semiconductor photoconductor, photodiode, solar cell, light emitting diode.

Part B Photonics (14 lectures, 7 tutorials):
Fundamentals of lasers: interaction of light with matter, population inversion , lasing conditions, characteristics of laser light, focusing of laser beams. Characteristics of semiconductor lasers and fibre optics. Optical detectors modulators. Photonics applications.

Part C Plasma Physics (14 lectures, 7 tutorials):

The plasma state. Plasmas in the universe. Plasmas in science and technology. Ionization, mobilities of electrons and ions. Plasma sheaths and Debye lenght. Resistivity. Oscillation and waves in plasma. Specific applications in industry.

Textbooks:

Sparkes, J.J., Semiconductor Devices, 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, 1994. Graham Smith, F. And King, T. A., Optics and Photonics: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, 2000. Eliezer, S. And Eliezer, Y., The Fouth State of Matter: An Introduction to the Physics of Plasma, 2nd Edition, IOP  Publishing, 2001.

PH 3231	Advanced Physics E3
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH 2232 and PH 2233
Contact hrs:	56 lectures, 28 tutorials
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Examination 80%

Course Outline: Part A, B and C are treated sequentially.
Part A Non-Destructive Testing (14 lectures, 7 tutorials):
Introduction to non-destructive testing of materials. Methodologies and techniques in non-destructive testing – Visual, optical and thermal, penetrant, magnetic and electrical, radiography, ultrasonic, other methods. Quality control, inspections, criteria for fitness for service.

Part B our Solar System and Beyond (14 lectures, 7 tutorials):
The Celestial Shere. Size structure of earth; ionoshere and the aurorae; solar day time zones. Thescope – principles, and modern developments. Sun and the planets; asteroids; meteorites; comets. Moon – apperearance, orbit and phases; lunar eclipses; man on the moon; The nature, brightness and distance of stars; characteristics, formation and evolution of galaxies. Islamic Calender and the sighting of the moon, Islamic times and daily prayers; Determination of Qibla.

Part C Environmental Physics (28 lectures, & 14 tutorials):

Energy For Human Consumption: Review of thermodynamic variables. Energy sources: geothermal, wing, solar, nuclear, wave, hydro, fosil fuels, synthetic fuel, fuel cells, heat pump. Power from jet and internal combustion engines. Environmental impact. Storage and distribution, power grid of Brunei, electrical mains of the world. Environmental Noise: Properties of sound, perception of noise, health recommendations, community noise, noise at work, aircraft and airport noise, health recommendations, community noise, noise at work, aircraft and airport noise, measurements of noise, noise signature and profile, noise contour, noise abatement. Remote Sensing of The Environment: Qualitative discussion of the scattering of lights (Raman, Rayleigh, Mie), principles of LIDAR, satellite sensing, energy-selective spectroscopy of molecules, PIXE.

Textbooks:

R. Halmshaw, Non-destructive testing, 2nd Edition, E. Arnold,1991. North Gerald, Astronomy Explained, Springer – Verlag London Limited, 1997. Ilyas Mohammad, Astronomy of Islamic Times for the Twenty-first Century, Mansell Publishing Limited, 1989. E. Boeker & R. Vn Grondelle, Environmental Physics. John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

PH 3232	Advanced Experimental Physics E1
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH 2225 and PH 2231
Contact hrs:	8 hours per week
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Examination 80%

Course Outline: Note: Normally, Parts A and B shall run concurrently, unless circumstances and the nature of the topics chosen for mini-projects detect otherwise.

Part A Applied electronics and mircoprocessor control (56 hours of laboratory work):
Use of operational amplifiers in signal conditioning. Digital circuits: counters registers, IC logic families, signal conversion. Microprocessors and their applications in the control of physical devices.

Part B Mini Project (56 hours of laboratory work or equivalent):

Students will undertake, individually or collectively in small groups, a short project that is normally experimental in nature, and which will require not more than 56 hours of laboratory time (per person) to complete. The team of staff members supervising this course shall set the topics and guide the students to complete the projects. Each student will submit an individually written report for assessment in accordance with departmental procedures and guidelines.

Textbooks:

Laboratory notes and handouts.

PH3233	Experimental Physics 4
Units:	2
Prerequisites:	PH2231
Contact hrs:	4 hours of practical per week
Assessment:	Coursework  100%  Comprising of 10 laboratory reports

Course Outline: A selection of advanced physics experiments from various topics in physics including  thermometry, thermal properties of materials, thermodynamics, fluids, wave phenomena; diffraction, reflection, refraction, charateristics of acoustic waves and electromganetic waves, vibrations and wave analysis.

References(s):

Dunlap, R. A. (1998). Experimental Physics: Modern Methods. UK: Oxford Uni. Press. Squires, G. L. (2001). Practical Physics. UK: Cambridge Uni. Press.

PH 3234	Intermediate Physics 4 – Thermal Physics & Fluids
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH1103 Intro. Physics 1 & PH 1106 Intro. Physics 2
Contact hrs:	4 hours of lectures and 2 hours of tutorials per week
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Comprising of assignments, tests and essays. Examination 80% Comprising of one 3 hour paper.

Course Outline: Part A -Thermal Physics : The course starts with a review of the fundamental concepts of Zeroth law, equations of state, and combined 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics and extension of these concepts to include thermodynamic potentials. This is followed by a review of the kinetic theory leading on to discussion of molar thermodynamic quantities. A further study of statistical thermodynamics will include; micro- and macro-states, thermodynamic probability, distinguishable and indistinguishable particles.  This will lead on to the consideration of, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution; classical and quantum partition function and Gibbs distribution for variable particle numbers; Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution. The derivation of thermodynamic quantities from statistical approach will be emphasised. The course will conclude by drawing applications of thermodynamics to some selected physical systems such as: pure substances, alloys systems and glasses.

Part B - Fluid Mechanics : This part of the course will include study of the characterisation and properties of fluids. Fluid statics including topics on pressure and pressure variation, hydrostatic forces on surfaces and buoyancy will be covered. The Bernoulli and the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy will be dealt with. Kinematics of fluid flow leading to momentum and forces in fluid flow will be examined. Flow characterisation, as well as fluid measurements will be considered. Topics covering similitude and dimensional analysis and topics on fluid machines will be explored.

References:

:A. H. Carter. (2001). Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics. Singapore: Pearson Education. D. Marquand and D. Croft. (2004). Thermofluids: An Integrated Approach to Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. New York:  John Wiley & Sons Ltd. D. V. Schroeder. (2000). An Introduction to Thermal Physics. Singapore:  Pearson Education.

PH 3235	Intermediate Physics 5 – Semiconductor Physics & Devices
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH 2232 Inter. Physics 2: Quantum Mechn. & Atomic Phys. & PH 2233 Inter. Physics 3: Electromagn, optics & Cond. Matt
Contact hrs:	4 hours of lectures and 2 hours of tutorials per week
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Comprising of assignments, tests and essays. Examination 80% Comprising of one 3 hour paper.

Course Outline: The course starts with the behaviour of electrons in a periodic potential. The concept of Fermi energy and surfaces, Brillouin Zones, Density of States, effective mass of electrons and holes, and the origin of the band gap are reviewed. Planar processes for the production of semiconductor devices starting from single crystal semiconductor such as silicon are introduced.  This is followed by an in depth coverage of semiconductor statistics, electron transport, lifetime of carriers, hole and electron generation and recombination, carrier mobility, conductivity and Hall effect, drift and diffusion currents and the junction equation. The effect of donor and acceptors concentrations on the properties of semiconductors, including the behaviour of the p-n junctions under forward and reverse bias, contact potential, depletion width and junction capacitance are discussed in depth to provide the background to understand the behaviour of various types of diodes, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and Field Effect Transistors. The last part of the course covers the  operation, current-voltage characteristics and the applications of semiconductor devices such as Zener Diode, Esaki Diode, Photodiode, Varactor Diode, Light Emitting Diode (LED), Solar Cell, Bipolar transistors (BJT), Junction Gate Field Effect Transistors (JUGFET), Enhancement and Depletion Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistors (MOSTFETs), Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Transistors (CMOSFET) and Bipolar-CMOS Transistors (BICMOS).

References:

Shur, M. (1990). Physics of Semiconductor Devices, New York: Prentice Hall. Solymar L. and Walsh D. (1998). Electrical Properties of Materials (6th Edition). Oxford: Oxford Uni. Press. Sparkes, J.J. (1994). Semiconductor Devices (2nd Edition). New York: Chapman  & Hall. Sze S. M. (1987). Physics of Semiconductor Devices (2nd Edition). New York: Wiley.

PH 3236	Experimental Physics 5
Units:	2
Prerequisites:	PH3233
Contact hrs:	4 hours of practical per week
Assessment:	Coursework 100% Comprising of 10 laboratory reports

Course Outline: A selection of advanced physics experiments from various topics in physics including: materials characterization by thermal analysis; thermal conductivity, thermal expansivity, optical analysis; reflection, absorption, electrical properties measurements; conductivity, resistivity, magnetic properties measurements and environmental monitorng techniques.

References:

Dunlap, R. A. (1998). Experimental Physics: Modern Methods. UK: Oxford Uni. Press. Squires, G. L. (2001). Practical Physics. UK: Cambridge Uni. Press.

PH 3237	Experimental Physics 6
Units:	2
Prerequisites:	PH 3233
Contact hrs:	4 hours of practical per week
Assessment:	Coursework 100% Comprising of 10 laboratory reports

Course Outline: A selection of advanced analytical techniques in physics. For example: instrumentation techniques; control, signal acquisition methods, sensors & transducer, signal processing;  FFT techniques and analysis, radio-nuclei spectrum analysis, x-rays diffraction methods; XRD and electron microscopy; SEM, optical techniques.; inferometry, reflectometry, spectroscopy.

References:

Dunlap, R. A. (1998). Experimental Physics: Modern Methods. UK: Oxford Uni. Press. Squires, G. L. (2001). Practical Physics. UK: Cambridge Uni. Press.

PH 3238	Intermediate Physics 6 – Nuclear, Particle Physics, Enviornmental Physics and Health & Medical Physics.
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH2232  & PH2233
Contact hrs:	4 hours of lectures and 2 hours of tutorial per week
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Comprising of assignments, tests and essays. Examination 80% Comprising of one 3 hour paper.

Course Outline: Nuclear Physics will cover basic nuclear properties, atomic masses and nuclear binding energy. Review of Rutherford scattering and cross-section. Nuclear models, stability of nucleus, nuclear decay, radioactive dating. Interaction of nuclear radiations with matter; stopping power, range or attenuation. Applications, use of radiation in nuclear medicine both for diagnostic and radiation therapy, generation of nuclear energy.
Particle Physics will cover the basics properties of: cosmic rays, particle accelerators and detectors. The four forces, the quest for unification and links with cosmology. The Standard Model. Fermions and their gauge bosons. Leptons and the electroweak force; the Higgs mechanism and the Higgs boson. The strong force: quarks and gluons.
Environmental Physics  will cover Human Environment - Laws of Thermodynamics and the human body, Energy transfer, Survival in hot and cold climates. Built Environment - Energy use in buildings, Regulation of air and heat flow, Heat pumps, Condensation, Future buildings. Urban Environment - Power transmission, Transportation, Water usage, Waste output, Lighting, Urban air and water pollution, Smog, Acid rain, Noise pollution. Global environment - Energy Demand and Supply, Remote Sensing, Solar Radiation and the Atmosphere, Earth’s Weather, Soils. Biological environment. Current Environmental Issues.

Health and Medical Physics will cover Biomechanics and Biomechanical Measurements: Properties of bone and tissue, Viscoelasticity, Stress analysis, Measurements on gait, limb position. Biofluid mechanics: Pressures in the body, Non invasive and Invasive pressure measurements, Rheology of blood, Influence of elastic walls, Blood flow measurements Audiology: Physics of hearing, Measurements on ear function, Hearing defects, Hearing aids. Respiratory Function: Physics of respiration, Lung capacity and ventilation, Measurements on air flow and lung volume, Respiratory monitoring. Diagnostic Radiography, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Ultrasound imaging, Radiotherapy, Electrophysiology, Radiation Safety.

References:

Beiser A. (2003). Concepts of Modern Physics (6th Edition). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.          Brown B.H., Smallwood R.H., Barber D.C.,Lawford P.V. and Hose D.R. (2000).  Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering.  London: IOP Publishing. Das A. and Ferbel T. (2005).  Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics (2nd  Edition). Singapore: World Scientific Krane K. S. (1987).  Introductory Nuclear Physics. New York:  John Wiley & Sons. Mason N. and Hughes P. (2001). Introduction to Environmental Physics – Planet Earth, Life and Climate. New York: Taylor and Francis.

PH 3239	Intermediate Physics 7 – Electronics
Units:	2
Prerequisites:	PH2225
Contact hrs:	1.5 hr. of lecture/wk, 1 hr. tutorials/wk and 2 hrs of lab. /2 wks
Assessment:	Coursework 30% comprising of 4 laboratory reports (20%), 2 tests (6%)  and 1 assignment (4%) Examination 70% Comprising of  one 2 hours exam

Course Outline: Analoque: Design operational amplifier circuits including frequency response, noise and common mode rejection ratio, study bipolar and metal oxide semiconductor transistors (MOST) circuits including biasing, dc and ac equivalent circuits, design linear and non linear oscillators, passive and active filters. Digital: applications of combinational and sequential, logic: design using combinational logic such as: alarm systems, voting machines, lift controllers etc. State machines, transition tables, system design using state machines.

Microprocessors: Microprocessor operational states, machine codes and assembly language programming, control of simple systems. C programming with applicable examples.

References:

Calcutt D.M., Cowan F.J. & Pahizadeh G.H. (1998). 8051 Microcontrollers; Hardware and Software Applications. London: Arnold. Ritchie G.J. (2003). Transistor Circuit Techniques  (3rd Edition). Cheltenham: CRC Press. Stanley W.D. (2001). Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits (4th Edition). New Jersey: Pearson Higher Ed. Tocci R.J. and Widmer N.S. (2001). Digital Electronics:  (8th Edition). New York: Prentice Hall.