Photons & Matters: Planck's discovery, Einstein's use of Planck's concept, photo-electric effect, Compton effect, X- Rays, de-Broglie Wavelength, Wave and particle duality, nature of matter, the Uncertainty principle, wave function and wave packets, Schrodinger equation.

About Atoms: Quantization of Atomic energies, Bohr Model, Hydrogen atom, Magnetic moments and electron spin, general discussion of Stern-Gerlach Experiment, Angular momenta and spin orbit effect, Periodic Table.

The Nucleus: Properties of Nuclei, Nuclear magnetic Resonance, Radioactivity and its applications, nuclear reactions, nuclear models, natural and man-made nuclear radiation in our environment.

Textbooks:

D. Halliday, R. Resnick, and J. Walker, Fundamentals of Physics - Extended Version, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1997. F. J. Bueche and D. Jerde, Principles of Physics, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1995. Paul A. Tipler, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Extended Version, 3rd Edition, Worth Publishers, 1991. Susan M. Lea & J. R. Burke, Physics, the Nature of Things, Brooks/Cole P., 1997. Kirpatrick & Wheeler, Physics, A World View, 3rd Edition, Saunders College P., 1998. Servay R.A. and Jewett J.W.Jr., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Brook/Cole P., ISBN: 0-534-42398-1, Call Number: QC21.2.

PH 2225	Introductory Physics 4
Units:	2
Prerequisites:	PH1106 or PH1107
Contact hrs:	14 lectures & 12 laboratory sessions of 2-3 hours each
Assessment:	Coursework 50% Examination 50%

Course Outline: Analog: circuit analysis; Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems; resistor, capacitor, inductor; energy and power; parallel and series resonant circuits; passive filters; dc and ac circuits; diodes and rectifiers; transformer and power regulation; active devices and their applications;  p-n junctions, diodes, BJT; load line, bandwidth, slew rate, JFET, MOSFET, op-amp; feedback and operations.

Digital: basic logic gates, adder, divider, concept of bits and word, combination of words.

Textbooks:

T. L. Floyd, Electronics Fundamentals: Circuit, Devices and Applications, 3rd Edition, Prentice‑Hall, 1995. R. J. Tocci, Digital Systems - Principles and Applications, 6th Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1995. P. Horowitz and W. Hill, The Art of Electronics, 2nd Edition, Cambridge U. P., 1989.

PH 2226	Experimental Physics 2
Units:	3
Prerequisites:	PH1103 (or PH1105) and PH1106 (or PH1107) and PH1104
Contact hrs:	12 laboratory sessions of 4 hours each
Assessment:	Coursework 100%

Course Outline: A selection of introductory level experiments from among the topics covered in Introductory Physics 1, 2 & 3: Optics, Rotational Dynamics, Vibrations & Waves, Magnetism, Electricity, Thermal Physics, Radioactivity.

Textbooks:

Servay R.A. and Jewett J.W.Jr., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Brook/Cole P., ISBN: 0-534-42398-1, Call Number: QC21.2.

PH 2228	Intermediate Physics 1
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH1103 (or PH1105) and PH1106 (or PH1107)
Contact hrs:	56 lectures and 28 tutorials
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Examination 80%

Course Outline: Notes: Sequential treatment of Mathematical Methods for Physics, Vibrations and Waves, in that order.

Mathematical Methods: Revisions of vector calculus. Linear algebra: Matrices, row reduction, determinants (Cramer's rule), lines and planes, eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Complex numbers: complex plane, complex algebra, complex series, Euler's formula, exponential & trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, complex powers and roots. Fourier series: Fourier coefficients, complex form of Fourier series, Dirichlet conditions, even and odd functions, Fourier analysis and its applications. Partial differentiation: chain rule, boundary conditions, applications of partial differentiation in physics. Integration: indefinite and definite integrals, line, surface and volume integrals, introduction to numerical integration techniques. Ordinary differentiation equations and solution techniques. Elementary group theory.

Vibrations and Waves: Forced and damped oscillation, anharmonic oscillators, energy in an oscillator, Q-factor, resonance. Harmonic waves, plane wave fronts, waves in 2 & 3 dimensions, circular and spherical wave fronts, transverse waves, longitudinal waves, boundary conditions, superposition, acoustics waves, introduction to electromagnetic waves.

Textbooks:

A. Jeffrey, Mathematics for engineers and scientists, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1986. W. Gough, Vibrations and Waves, Halstead Press, 1983 A. P. French, Vibrations and Waves, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971. J. M. Hill, Differential methods and group methods for scientists and engineers, CRC Press, 1992 J. H. Pain, The Physics of vibrations and waves, 4th Edition. J. Wiley, 1993.

PH 2229	General Topics 1
Units:	2
Prerequisites:	PH1103 (or PH1105) and PH1106 (or PH1107)
Contact hrs:	28 lectures and 14 tutorials
Assessment:	Coursework 40% Examination 60%

Course Outline: This is an introductory non-algebraic discussion presenting an overview of the basic information, principles and main results in the following areas:-

Condensed Matter Physics: Crystal structures and their defects, methods for studying crystal structures, the use of inverse space, the Brillouin zones, basic lattice dynamics, phonons and the heat capacity of a material, explanations of thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, the band structure, discussions of insulators, semiconductors and metals, superconductivity, magnetic materials.

Photonics: General principles of lasers, types and properties of lasers, applications of lasers, principles and properties of optical fibers, optical switching and opto-electronics, common optical detectors in photonics.

Energy For Human Consumption: Types of energy generation, fossil fuels, thermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy, wave energy, hydro energy, fuel cells, economic and environment impact, energy storage and distribution, the electrical mains around the world, the electrical power grid in Brunei.

Noise In The Environment: Sound and its properties, human perception of noise, health recommendation on noise, causes of noise in our environment, noise at work, aircraft and airport noise, instrument for measuring noise, noise signature and noise profile, the concept of noise contour, concept of noise abatement.

Textbooks:

Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1995. Eldon D. Enger & Bradley F. Smith, Environmental Science:        A Study of Interrelationships, 5th Edition, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1995. Paul A. Tipler, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Extended Version, 3rd Edition, Worth Publishing, 1991. Donald E. Hall, Basic Acoustics, J. Wiley & Sons, 1987. Graham Smith F. and King T.A., Optics and Photonics, Wiley & Sons, 2000.

PH 2230	General Topics 2
Units:	2
Prerequisites:	PH1103 (or PH1105) and PH1106 (or PH1107)
Contact hrs:	28 lectures and 14 tutorials
Assessment:	Coursework 40% Examination 60%

Course Outline: This is an introductory non-algebraic discussion presenting an overview of the basic information, principles and main results in the following areas:-

Quantum Mechanics: Classical mechanics vs. quantum mechanics, brief historical development of QM, observables and operators, canonical operators leading to Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, angular momentum in QM, Schrodinger equation, the concept of wave functions, the tunnelling effect, success stories of QM.

Atomic & Nuclear Physics: Early atomic models, Rutherford scattering, inadequacy of the Rutherford model, QM model of the atom, the periodic table, X-ray: characteristics and explanation, nuclear size, constituents of nucleus, nuclear shell model.
Particle Physics: Hadrons and Leptons, anti-particles, conservation laws, the field theories, the quark model, fundamental interactions, the Standard Model, Grand Unification Theories.

Our Solar System: Stars and galaxies, development of stars, our sun and its planets, main characteristics of individual planets, movement of the planets in orbit and as seen on earth, the minor planets, the asteroid belts and comets, the earth and its moon, characteristics of the moon, the tidal effects, human exploration of the moon, solar and lunar eclipses, instruments for observing celestial objects.

Textbooks:

P. A. Cox, Introduction to Quantum Theory & Atomic Structure, Oxford U. P., 1995. Robert H. March, Physics for Poets, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1996. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1995. Susan M. Lea & J. R. Burke, Physics, The Nature of Things, Brooke/Cole P., 1997. Jeffrey K. Wagner, Introduction to the Solar System,       Saunders College P., 1991.

PH 2231	Experimental Physics 3
Units:	2
Prerequisites:	PH 1104
Assessment:	Coursework 100%

Course Outline: A selection of classic advanced level experiments from various subject areas in physics

For example: e/m measurement, e/k measurement using BJT, Photoelectric effect, wave-particle properties of electrons and so on. This is an evolving course depending on available equipment.

Textbooks:

Not applicable.

PH 2232	Intermediate Physics Part 2
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH1103 (or PH1105) and PH1106 (or PH1107)
Contact hrs:	28 lectures and 14 tutorials
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Examination 80%

Course Outline: Notes: Sequential treatment of Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics, in that order.
Quantum Mechanics: Observables and operators, Operator equation, Angular momentum, Schrodinger equation, Potential well, Parity, Normalization, Orthogonality, Probability current density, Expectation values, Uncertainty Relations, Harmonic Oscillator, Approximation methods for stationary problems, Matrix mechanics and electron spin.

Atomic Physics: Hydrogen atom, Spectra and electronic structure, Angular momentum, Magnetic quantum numbers, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Atomic spectra, Spectra notation, Absorption of energy, Zeeman effect, Stern-Gerach experiment and electron spin, Fine structure, X-ray spectra, optical effect, Auger effect.

Textbooks:

B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachim, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989 Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1995.

PH 2233	Intermediate Physics 3
Units:	4
Prerequisites:	PH 1103 (or PH 1105) and PH 1106 (or PH 1107)
Assessment:	Coursework 40% Examination 60%

Course Outline: Notes: Concurrent treatment of Parts A and B.
Part A (28 lectures, 14 tutorials):
Electromagnetism: Maxwell’s equation, Poynting vector, E-M waves, Fresnel equation, Skin depth, Reflection, Transmission and absorption of E-M wave on dielectrics and metals, Polarization.

Optics: Lens systems, Aberrations, Polarization, Elliptical polarization, Birefringence, Interference, Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction, Fourier Optics, Coherence Theory, Electro-optics: materials, Faraday effect, Kerr effect, Pockel’s effect, Acousto-optic effect.
Part B (28 lectures, 14 tutorials):

Condensed Matter Physics: Crystal structure, Crystalline defects, Reciprocal lattice, Crystal diffraction and equations, Laue equations, Brillouin zones, Fourier analysis, Crystal binding, Crystal dynamics: Vibrations, Phonons and Phonon momentum. Heat capacity, Thermal conductivity, Debye theory, Electrical conductivity, Energy band, Fermi-Dirac statistics, Fermi surfaces. Magnetism: Magnetic ordering, Magnons and spin waves.

Textbooks:

P. Lorraine & D. R. Carson, Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, W H Freeman & Company, 1970 F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White, Fundamentals of Optics. McGraw-Hill, 1990. H. P. Myers, Introductory Solid State Physics. Taylor and Francis. 1990.