Symmetry & spectroscopy: symmetry elements and symmetry operations, applications to optical activity & spectroscopy.

IR spectroscopy: origin of IR transitions, number of normal modes of vibration, bond stretching and bending, intensity of IR bands and selection rules, preparation of samples and experimental techniques, assignment of IR bands, characterization of compounds.
                       
NMR spectroscopy: Boltzmann distribution; nuclear spin and resonance, sample preparation and recording of NMR spectra, chemical shift, intensity of signals and integration, spin-spin coupling, spectral interpretation.

Mass spectrometry: Experimental procedure, ion production and analysis, molecular ions, isotope abundance, fragmentation of organic compounds, Electron Impact (EI) spectra and interpretation.

UV-vis spectroscopy: Electronic energy levels, absorption laws, measurement of spectra, vibrational fine structure, selection rules and intensity, chromophores, solvent effects, qualitative and quantitative applications.

Textbooks:

Petrucci, R..H.& Harwood, W.S. (1997). General Chemistry, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall.     OR **Mahan, B.H. & Myers, R.J. (1987). University Chemistry, 4th Edition, Addison-Wesley.

CH 1102	General Chemistry II
Units:	4
Contact hrs:	28 Lectures, 14 practicals of 4 hours each, 14 tutorials
Assessment:	Coursework 20% Examination 80%

Course Outline: Introductory physical chemistry: States of matter: solid, liquid and gas.
Gases: The kinetic theory of gases, perfect gas, equations of state, mixtures of gases, real gas, van der Waals equation.

Solutions: ideal solution, non-ideal solution, solubility, concentrations, preparation of solutions.

Chemical equilibria: nature of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, external effects on equilibria, applications. Ionic equilibria: solubility, acids and bases, buffer solutions, acid-base titrations, complex ion equilibria.

Thermochemistry:  energy, specific heat, heat capacity, heat of reaction, calorimetry.

Introductory organic chemistry:
Structure & bonding: hybridization of atoms in carbon compounds, shapes of molecules, formal charges, resonance. Molecular structures and molecular properties.

Conformational analysis of alkanes and cycloalkanes: Sawhorse and Newman representations; chair and boat forms of cyclohexane ring systems.

Basic Nomenclature. Isomerism: constitutional and configurational isomers, cis-trans and E/Z nomenclature, chirality, enantiomers, diastereomers, and epimers. Assignment of  R, S configurations, optical activity; racemic mixture.

Reactions of alkanes: mechanism of free radical halogenation, selectivity and comparison of halogen reactivity.

An overview of the main functional group families of organic compounds: structures, nomenclature and typical reactions

Textbooks:

1) Petrucci, R..H.& Harwood, W.S. (1997). General Chemistry, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall.  OR **Mahan, B.H. & Myers, R.J. (1987). University Chemistry, 4th Edition, Addison-Wesley. 2) McMurry, J. (2004). Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Brookes-Cole. 3) Roberts, R.M. et al. (1994). Experimental Organic Chemistry, Saunders.